Download PDF | Alexander A. Vasiliev - History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453, vol. I.II -University of Wisconsin Press (1958).
vol.I 383 Pages
vol.II 487 Pages
PREFACE
M y “History of the Byzantine Empire,” which now comes out in a new English edition, has a rather long history. Its original text had been published in Russia, in Russian. The first volume was in press during the last months of imperial Russia and in the early days of the first revolution, and appeared in 1917, without footnotes, under the title “Lectures in the History of Byzantium” (down to the Crusades).
The second volume, in three sep¬ arate parts, “Byzantium and the Crusades,” “The Latin Sway in the Levant,” and “The Fall of Byzantium,” was printed in 1923-1925, and was supplied with references to the original and secondary sources. The Russian edition is now entirely out of date.
The first English edition came out twenty-three years ago (1928-1929) in two volumes, in the University of Wisconsin Studies. Basing the text of this edition on the Russian original, I thoroughly revised, supplemented, and brought it up to date. This edition has long been out of print.
In 1932 ,1 revised and enlarged considerably the text for the French edition which appeared in Paris in the same year, and which is now out of print also. Later, I made just a few changes for the Spanish edition, which was published in Barcelona in 1948. The Turkish edition of the first volume of this work, which came out at Ankara in 1943, is the translation from the French edition. Surprisingly enough, this edition is entirely out of print, so that even I myself, the author, have no copy of my own, and saw a copy from the Library of Congress.
This second English edition is based on the French. But since 1932 when the French edition appeared, nineteen years have passed, and during this pe¬ riod many works of great value have been published and are to be incor¬ porated in the new edition. In 1945, in accordance with the wish of the Uni¬ versity of Wisconsin, I revised the text again for a new edition, and even added a special section on Byzantine feudalism.
However, this revision was made in 1945, and during the period from 1945 to 1951 other more important publications have appeared. I have tried to do my best to make a list of neces¬ sary additions and changes; but this has been made sporadically, not sys-tematically, and I am afraid that several essential lacunae may be discovered in the most recent period.
During the last two years, my former student and now the distinguished professor at Rutgers University, Peter Charanis, was of great help to me, par¬ ticularly in the preparation of bibliography, and it is my duty and pleasure to express to him my deep gratitude. As I said in the preface to the first Eng¬ lish edition, however, it is not my intention to give a complete bibliography of the subject, so that in the text as well as in the bibliography, I give only the most important or most recent publications.
Though fully aware that the chronological scheme of my work sometimes presents serious inconveniences, I have not changed it in this new edition; to do so I should have had to write an entirely new book.
I express my cordial thanks to Mr. Robert L. Reynolds, Professor of His¬ tory at the University of Wisconsin, and the University of Wisconsin Geog¬ raphy Department who have been very kind and cooperative in assisting the editors of this book with the preparation of maps. I also tender my warmest thanks to Mrs. Ednah Shepard Thomas who, with remarkable conscientious¬ ness, has revised my manuscript and corrected the inadequacies of my Eng¬ lish. Finally, I should like to thank Mr. Kimon T. Giocarinis for the dif¬ ficult task of compiling an index for this book.
A. A. Vasiliev
Dumbarton Oaks,
Harvard University Washington, D.C.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: THE STUDY OF BYZANTINE HISTORY Western European Scholarship—3 ^ Byzantine Studies in Russia—32
Periodicals, General References, and Papyrology—39
CHAPTER II: THE EMPIRE FROM THE TIME OF CONSTAN¬ TINE THE GREAT TO JUSTINIAN Constantine and Christianity—43 Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine—60
Emperors and Society from Constantine the Great to the Early Sixth Century—65
Literature. Learning, Education, and Art—116
CHAPTER III: JUSTINIAN THE GREAT AND HIS IMMEDI¬ ATE SUCCESSORS (518-610) 129
Justin I—130
The Reign of Justinian and Theodora—132 Immediate Successors of Justinian—169 Literature, Learning, and Art—170
CHAPTER IV: THE HERACLIAN EPOCH (610-717) External Problems—194 Religious Policy of the Dynasty—222 Origin and Development of Theme Organization—226 Period of Anarchy (711-17)—229 Literature, Learning, and Art—230
CHAPTER V: THE ICONOCLASTIC EPOCH (717-867)
The Isaurian or Syrian Dynasty—234
Successors of the Isaurians and the Amorian or Phrygian Dynasty (820-67)—27 1
Literature, Learning, and Art—291
CHAPTER VI: THE MACEDONIAN EPOCH (867-1081) 300
The Origin of the Dynasty—301 External Affairs of the Macedonian Emperors—303 ^Social and Political Developments—330 The Time of Troubles (1056-81)—351 Education, Learning, Literature, and Art—3 61
CHAPTER VII: BYZANTIUM AND THE CRUSADES'» '3*75
The Comneni Emperors and Their Foreign Policy—375 Foreign Policy of the Angeli—438 internal Affairs under the Comneni and Angeli—469 E ducatio n, Learning, Liter ature, and Art—48 7
CHAPTER VIII: THE EMPIRE OF NICAEA (1204-61) 506
New States Formed on Byzantine Territory—506 Foreign Policy of the Lascarids and the Restoration of the Byzantine Empire—514
Ecclesiastical Relations with the Nicene and Latin Empires—540 Social and Economic Conditions in the Empire of Nicaea—546 Education, Learning, Literature, and Art—548 .^Byzantine Feudalism—563
CHAPTER IX: THE FALL OF BYZANTIUM Foreign Policy of the Palaeologi—580 Ecclesiastical Problems under the Palaeologi—656 ^Political and Social Conditions in the Empire—676 Learning, Literature, Science, and Art—687 Byzantium and the Italian Renaissance—713
APPENDIX
Emperors of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453—725 Genealogical Tables of the Byzantine Dynasties—727
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