Download PDF | Ministry Of Defence, The Military Museum And The History Of The Egyptian Army.
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The Egyptian Military Museum Egypt has the most ancient civilization man has known, dating back seven thousand years. It also contains artifacts which are considered the most valuable ever owned by a single nation. Therefore, it is not strange that Egypt has a great number of different kinds of archeological museums.
They present a bright record of the Egyptian people's history throughout the various ages. The Egyptian Military Museum is one of the specialized Egyptian museums and is considered one of the greatest and most important military museums in the world as it contains rare sections and historical pieces. Its inauguration was in 1937.
The exhibition of its historical contents began in that year, in a small area in the building of the Ministry . of Defense and Navy. In 1938, it was transferred to a temporary building on Shiekh Rehan Street, Garden City, Cairo. On May 17, 1937, the Ministry Decision No. 6 was issued concerning the formation of an independent board of directors for the museumi. A number of active duty and retired officers constituted this board for the purpose of improving the standards of the museum. Soon the museum was expanded to include sections of the different historical ages.
Two private sections were added, one representing Sudan and the other for the 19th Century including the artifacts of the Aurabi Revolution (1882 AD) In addition, wings for fire weapons, hand weapons, and field guns of varying dates were built. Also included was a historical library containing many books, magazines and military maps which were drawn during the 19 and 20th Centuries
In November, 1949, the museum was moved to its current building. El Haramlek Place. Since 1976. a developing plan was adopted and has continued until the 26th of July, 1982, when President Mubarak formally opened it. The museum occupies El-Haramlek Palace which is considered one of the most splendid palaces built by Mohammed Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1843.
The palace was built inside one of the great Islamic antiquities in the world which is the Saláh El Din Citadel. This citadel was built by the well known hero Salah El Din Ayyubi who ruled Egypt from 1171 to 1193. He was the hero of El Magdes Battle in 1187 and the one who made the great triumphs against the Saliebeen armies.
His minister Baha El Din Karakwash ordered that the castle be built on the top of Al Mokattam Mountain to protect Cairo, the capital of Egypt, against any foreign agression. The name Al Gabal was derived from its location. The castle was completed in the period of one of Salah El Din's sucessors, Sultan Al Kamal. In that era, it became the governor's mansion and remained so for six centuries.
The muscum contains sections and wings which include military exhibitions from the old, middle and modern history of Egypt and it also includes sections that concern the 23rd of July Revolution (1952), the petite aggression on Egypt in 1956 A.D., the supporting war of Yemen's Revolution in 1962 A.D., and the October War in 1973 A.D. Moreover, there is a large group of clothes, weapons and flags which depicts the development of the Egyptian Army from the dawn of history till now.
There are also a great number of statues, paintings and photographs of Egyptian leaders throughout the different ages and also examples of the old Egyptian castles, fortifications and famous battles the Egyptian Army has fought in its great history
The Army in the Period of the Old Kingdom 1-For about eight thousand years, Egypt was divided into a number of colonies. Sometimes these colonies fought among themselves and sometimes they united. In about the year 5500 B.C., it was necessary that they unite for the common interest of the Egyptian people. At that time, this unity of the colonies formed a single bigger unit which covered the kingdoms of both the Delta and Upper Egypt.
The Nile River was the only source of making a living in Egypt so in order to organize the distribution of the water of the river, it was necessary to unify the nation. That unification led in the end, to the establishment of the first central government controlling all of Egypt, in the year 4242 B.C., more than six thousand years ago. The city Owen, known now as Ain Shams, was designated the capital.
But the unity didn't last long. Because of religious and political disagreements between the kingdoms, Egypt again divided into two independent kingdoms: the northern kingdom in the Delta and the southern kingdom in Upper Egypt. 2- About the year 3200 B.C., a strong family of kings appeared in the city of Teba, north of Kena. These kings worked on uniting Egypt for the second time.
One of its kings, called Ket, succeeded in controlling all of Upper Egypt. His successor, called El Akra, tried to control the Delta but he died before achieving this goal, leaving it for his heir to the throne who was called Menes or Normer. Menes finally accomplished this unification About the year 3100 B.C., he established the first pharaonic dynasty.
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