Download PDF | Michael Maclagan - The City of Constantinople-Frederick A. Praeger (1968).
205 Pages
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Michael Madagan was educated at Winchester and Christ Churchy Oxford, where he took a First Class Honours Degree in Modern History in 193$- ALecturer at Christ Church from 1937 to 1939, he was later elected Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, becoming successively Dean, Librarian and Senior Tutor. Following service in the Army during World War II, he was appointed University Lecturer in Modern History at Oxford. Mr. Madagan, who has made a point of visiting Istanbul at least once a year since 19$$, has read and lectured widely on Byzantine art and history, and helped to organize the Thirteenth International Byzantine Congress at Oxford in 1966.
Introduction
I offer NO apology for prolonging the history of Constantinople from Byzantine into Turkish times. The noble panorama of the city today owes more to its Ottoman rulers than to the Greek emperors. The two cultures are intermingled in the sphere of art and related in the world of history. Orthography offers an almost insoluble problem. After much hesitation, I have preserved the Latin form for the names of people - the Emperor Heraclius (not Heraklios) and the Patriarch Sergius (not Sergios) - but I have kept the Greek forms for local place names - Bosporos or Kainourgion; in par/ ticular I have chosen the forms Hagia Sophia and Eirene for the two churches of the Holy Wisdom and the Holy Peace. For Turkish names, I have sought to give the spellings in use today, which might assist an actual visitor, even though this involved replacing the familiar 'Pasha* by 'Pasa'.
In modern Turkish, C is pronounced as the J in 'jam'; C as in 'church 9 : S as in 'shield 9 : O and U as they are in German: the undotted I is not unlike the U in farther: commonsense will cover the rest. Thus Cami (mosque- which becomes Camii if preceded by a personal name) appears in French books as Djami. In Turkey itself an initial I, as in Istanbul, has a dot above it. I wish I could thank all the friends who have helped me to/ wards some understanding ofthe Byzantine world. Among the dead, I honour particularly Thomas Whittemore, Royall Tyler and my father. Among the living, I am bound to thank David Talbot Rice, with memories going back to the darker days of the war, and more friends in Oxford than I can name. In Turkey I would like to thank Professor Eyice, of the Uni/ versity of Istanbul, Dr Feridun Diremtekin, of the Museum of Ayasofya, Dr Nezih Firatli of the Archaeological Museum, and Mr Ernest Hawkins. Many unknown Turks have helped me with true kindness as I sought the remoter traces of Byzan/ tium in modern Istanbul.
Finally, I would like to thank MrKenneth Swan, under whose flag I have seen many otherwise inaccessible remains of this glorious and enduring civilization. The lines from W.B. Yeats at the head of Chapter V comefrom an early draft of his poem 'Sailing to Byzantium', and I am grateful to Professor A. Norman JefTares for permission to quote them from his article in the Review of English Studies XXII (1946). In my choice ofillustrations I have tried to show some of the less frequented churches and mosques, while still doing justice to the well-known ones. The keen eye of my wife has saved mefrom many mistakes and inconsistencies, for which I am truly grateful. M.M.
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